Pedagogy and Democracy: A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Dewey, Freire and Delmouzou
Abstract
A retrospective journey into the field of educational science, by recording educational theories and ideas of pioneers in the field of cultivating democratic culture in education, provides an opportunity for reflection on the progress of pedagogy in the field today, where democracy as a political system appears to be "in crisis" or "in decline". This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the ideas of Dewey, Freire, and Delmouzos regarding their contribution to shaping the perspective for a democratic school. In an era where democracy is a sought-after goal, it is considered essential to reveal the epistemological background of the evolution of educational science with landmark ideas in our field of interest, which broaden and define democratic culture in education. Through content analysis, this study examines the works of these thinkers, focusing on three key dimensions: the nature of teacher-student relationships, the organization of the pedagogical learning environment, and the conception of knowledge as content., in order to define a conceptual framework for discussion. The main research question posed is "how did these personalities envision the democratic school, acting and reflecting in different contexts, and how far is it from the school in today's challenging society?" Although these thinkers come from different political and cultural contexts, their pedagogical thinking has shaped directions that are timeless goals for any society that wants to be characterized as democratic, and the case of the Greek political system is treated as such, where however the challenges are many. From the analysis of the results, the following conclusions emerge. Regarding the shaping of the relationship between teachers and students, the concept of student-centeredness and the active participation of students in the educational process is dominant. The student is placed at the centre of the organization of educational practice in order to eliminate dogmatism and the dominance of the teacher as an authority. The pedagogical environment is shaped within a relationship of equality and freedom where the opinions of students are primary. At the same time, the active participation of students in the organization and implementation of activities contributes to strengthening students' active citizenship and can have a significant impact on the shaping of a democratic climate in the classroom and ultimately outside the classroom in society. As for the second axis of analysis, the aim of educators is to co-shape the pedagogical framework with students through dialogue and gradually achieve self-regulation and self-control, so that in a climate of freedom, but not anarchy, it can develop and evolve into a democratic context. As for the third axis of analysis, in terms of what kind of knowledge is defined as the content of the learning process, two parameters emerged as particularly important in the work of the aforementioned thinkers: the interests of the students and the socio-political context that shapes their contemporary reality.
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Kalogirou, E., & Michalopoulou, A. (2025). Pedagogy and Democracy: A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Dewey, Freire and Delmouzou . Preschool and Primary Education, 13(2), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.12681/ppej.39442
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