National Identity versus European Identity The Dimensions of Change Developing the Greek teachers’ European identity
Resumen
This study examines the attitudes of Greek teachers towards Europe in relation with their national identity. Because of the Greek debt crisis and Greece’s entry into the IMF and EFSM mechanisms, two successive studies were conducted using the same questionnaire (the first with 1036 and the second with 482 teachers from all over Greece in 2009 and 2011 respectively). A two-step cluster analysis was performed and four particular dimensions were identified. The statistical analysis showed that there is a shift away from a European orientation, a finding that is attributed to economic difficulties.
Article Details
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Papaeconomou, A. (2014). National Identity versus European Identity The Dimensions of Change Developing the Greek teachers’ European identity. Preschool and Primary Education, 2, 45–58. https://doi.org/10.12681/ppej.55
- Número
- Vol. 2 (2014)
- Sección
- Άρθρα
Οι συγγραφείς των άρθρων που δημοσιεύονται στο ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ & ΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ διατηρούν τα δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας επί των άρθρων τους, δίνοντας στο περιοδικό το δικαίωμα της πρώτης δημοσίευσης. Άρθρα που δημοσιεύονται στο ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ & ΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ διατίθενται με άδεια Creative Commons 3.0 και σύμφωνα με την άδεια μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούνται ελεύθερα, με αναφορά στο/στη συγγραφέα και στην πρώτη δημοσίευση για μη κερδοσκοπικούς σκοπούς και με δικαίωμα τροποποίησης μόνον με παρόμοια διανομή (αν αναμείξετε, τροποποιήσετε, ή δημιουργήσετε πάνω στο υλικό, πρέπει να διανείμετε τις δικές σας συνεισφορές υπό την ίδια άδεια όπως και το πρωτότυπο). To Εργαστήριο Παιδαγωγικών Ερευνών και Εφαρμογών του Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος Προσχολικής Εκπαίδευσης του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης και το Εθνικό Κέντρο Τεκμηρίωσης διατηρούν το δικαίωμα να δημοσιεύουν, να αναπαραγάγουν, να παρουσιάζουν στο κοινό, να διανέμουν και χρησιμοποιούν άρθρα που δημοσιεύονται στο ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ & ΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ σε οποιοδήποτε μέσο και μορφή είτε μεμονωμένα είτε ως μέρη συλλογικών έργων, για όλο το χρόνο διάρκειας προστασίας της πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας και για όλες τις χώρες του κόσμου. Αυτό περιλαμβάνει ενδεικτικά και όχι αποκλειστικά, το δικαίωμα δημοσίευσης των άρθρων σε τεύχη του περιοδικού ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ & ΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ, αναπαραγωγής και διανομής μεμονωμένων αντιγράφων των άρθρων, αναπαραγωγής ολόκληρων των άρθρων σε άλλη έκδοση του Εργαστηρίου Παιδαγωγικών Ερευνών και Εφαρμογών του Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος Προσχολικής Εκπαίδευσης του Πανεπιστημίου Κρήτης και του Εθνικού Κέντρου Τεκμηρίωσης και αναπαραγωγής και διανομής των άρθρων ή περίληψης αυτών με χρήση πληροφορικού συστήματος αποθετηρίου.
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Bakke, E. (1995). Towards a European identity? Printed as Arena Working Paper, 10, 2-4.
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Beetham, D., & Lord, C. (1998). Legitimacy and the EU. London: Longman.
Bloom, W. (1990). Personal identity, national identity and international relations. Cambridge: CUP.
Bottery, M., & Wright, N. (2000). Teachers and the state: Towards a directed profession. London: Routledge.
Coromina, L., & Coenders, G. (2006). Reliability and validity of ego centered network data collected via web. A meta-analysis of multilevel multi trait multi method studies. Social Networks, 28, 209–231.
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Delanty, G. (1995). Inventing Europe: Idea, identity, reality. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Demo, D. H., (1992). The self - concept over time: Research issues and directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 303-326.
EACEA/Eurydice, (2012a). Entrepreneurship education at school in Europe: National strategies, curricula and learning outcomes. Brussels: Eurydice.
Edwards, R., & Usher, R. (2002). Globalization and pedagogy: Space, place and identity. London: Routledge.
Elliott, J. (Ed.). (2004). Making teachers more accountable: Case studies of the modernization process in six countries. Special Issue of Research Papers in Education, 19, 1-5.
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EURYDICE (2003). The teaching profession in Europe: Profile, trends and concerns. Brussels: European Commission.
EURYDICE (2004). The teaching profession in Europe: Profile, trends and concerns. Brussels: European Commission.
Evetts, J. (2003). The sociological analysis of professionalism: Occupational change in the modern world. International Sociology, 18, 395–415.
Faas, D. (2011). Between ethnocentrism and Europeanism? An exploration of the effects of migration and European integration on curricula and policies in Greece. Ethnicities, 11, 163-183.
Flash Eurobarometer (2005). The European constitution: Post-referendum survey in the Netherlands. Fieldwork, 02/04. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl172_en.pdf.
García, S. (Ed.). (1993). European identity and the search for legitimacy. London: Pinter.
Gecas, V., & Burke, P. J. (1995). Self and identity. In K. Cook, G. A. Fine, & J. S. House (Eds.), Sociological perspectives on social psychology (pp. 41-67). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gewirtz, S. (2002). The managerial school: Post-welfarism and social justice in education. London: Routledge.
Gifi, A. (1990). Nonlinear multivariate analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A., & Marsh, H. (2006). The causal ordering of self-concept and academic motivation and its effect on academic achievement. International Education Journal, 12, 117-143.
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Hewitt, J. P. (1997). Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology. Princeton, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.
Hix, S., & Bjorn, H. (2011). The political system of the European Union. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Hoskins, B., Jesinghaus, J., Mascherini, M., Munda, G., Nardo, M., Saisana, M., & Villalba, E. (2006). Measuring active citizenship in Europe. CRELL Research Paper 4 EUR 22530 EN. Luxembourg: European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen.
Hurtado, A, Gurin, P, & Peng, T. (1994). Social identities - A framework for studying the adaptations of immigrants and ethics: The adaptations of Mexicans in the USA. Social Problems, 41, 222-247.
Kelpanides, M., & Vrinioti, K. (2008). Europäische oder nationale Orientierung? EinVergleich der Einstellungen und des Verhaltens von Schülerinnen und Schülernaus den europäischen Mitgliedsländernan der Europaschule Luxemburg. Tertium Comparationis. Journal für International und Interkulturell Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft, 14, 25-53.
Linting, M., Meulman, J. J., Groenen, P. J. F., & van der Kooij, A. J. (2007). Stability of nonlinear principal components analysis: An empirical study using the balanced bootstrap. Psychological Methods, 12, 359-379.
Macdonald, S. (Ed.), (1993). Inside European identities: Ethnography in western Europe. Oxford: Berg.
Meulman, J. J., van der Kooij, A. J., & Heiser, W. J. (2004). Principal components analysis with nonlinear optimal scaling transformations for ordinal and nominal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 49-70). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Linting, M., Meulman, J. J., Groenen, P. J. F., & van der Koojj, A. J. (2007). Nonlinear principal components analysis: Introduction and application. Psychological Methods, 12, 336–358.
Michael, M. (1996). Constructing identities: The social, the nonhuman and change. London: Sage.
Mikkeli, H., (1998). Europe as an idea and an identity. London: Routledge.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2000). School factors related to equity. Paris: OECD Publications.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2005). Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers, Paris: OECD Publications.
Office for standards in education. (2010). Citizenship established? Manchester: Ofsted.
Papanaoum, Z. (1989). The education of teachers in Greece: Problems and perspectives. In A. Monasta (Ed.), The children of Japhet. A European programme for the new professionality of teachers and trainers (pp. 89-106). Firenze: McColl.
Risse, T. (2003). The Euro between national and European identity. Journal of European Public Policy, 10, 487–505.
Schild, J. (2001). National vs European Identities? French and Germans in the European multi-level system. Journal of Common Market Studies, 39, 331-51.
Sedikides, C., & Spencer, S. J. (Eds.). (2007). The Self. New York (ΝΥ): Psychology Press.
Shatkin, G., & Gershberg, A. I., (2007). Empowering parents and building communities: The role of school-based councils in educational governance and accountability. Urban Education, 42, 582-615.
Smith, A. D. (1995). Nations and nationalism in a global era. Cambridge: Polity.
Snyder, E. E., & Spreitzer, E. (1984). Identity and commitment to the teacher’s role. Teaching Sociology, 11, 151-166.
Spiering, M. (1996). National identity and European unity. In M. Wintle (Ed.), Culture and identity in Europe: Perceptions of divergence and unity in past and presence (pp. 98-132). Aldershot, Hampshire: Avebury.
Starida, M. (1995). Issues of quality in Greek teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 18, 115-121.
Stets, J., & Burke, P., (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 224-237.
Wintle, M. J. (Ed.). (2002). Culture and identity in Europe: Perceptions of divergence and unity in past and present. Aldershot, Hampshire: Avebury Press.
Xochelis, P. (2000). Teachers’ work as a social role. Thesaloniki: Kyriakidis (in Greek).
Ashmore, R. D., & Jussim, L. (1997). Self and identity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bakke, E. (1995). Towards a European identity? Printed as Arena Working Paper, 10, 2-4.
Ball, S. (1990). Politics and policy making in education: Explorations in policy sociology. London: Routledge.
Bash, L. (2005). Teaching and the globalization of knowledge. In D. Coulby & E. Zambeta (Eds.), World yearbook of education 2005. Globalization and nationalism in education (pp. 175-189.). London: Routledge.
Beetham, D., & Lord, C. (1998). Legitimacy and the EU. London: Longman.
Bloom, W. (1990). Personal identity, national identity and international relations. Cambridge: CUP.
Bottery, M., & Wright, N. (2000). Teachers and the state: Towards a directed profession. London: Routledge.
Coromina, L., & Coenders, G. (2006). Reliability and validity of ego centered network data collected via web. A meta-analysis of multilevel multi trait multi method studies. Social Networks, 28, 209–231.
Council of Europe, (2010). Recommendation CM/Rec (2010)7 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the Council of Europe Charter on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Day, C., Fernandez, A., Hauge, T., & Moller, J. (Εds.). (2000). The life and work of teachers: International perspectives in changing times. London: Falmer.
Delanty, G. (1995). Inventing Europe: Idea, identity, reality. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Demo, D. H., (1992). The self - concept over time: Research issues and directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 303-326.
EACEA/Eurydice, (2012a). Entrepreneurship education at school in Europe: National strategies, curricula and learning outcomes. Brussels: Eurydice.
Edwards, R., & Usher, R. (2002). Globalization and pedagogy: Space, place and identity. London: Routledge.
Elliott, J. (Ed.). (2004). Making teachers more accountable: Case studies of the modernization process in six countries. Special Issue of Research Papers in Education, 19, 1-5.
Eurobarometer 73, (2010). Public opinion in the European Union. Report, Fieldwork, 2. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb73/eb73_vol2_en.pdf.
EURYDICE (2002). The teaching profession in Europe: Profile, trends and concerns. Brussels: European Commission.
EURYDICE (2003). The teaching profession in Europe: Profile, trends and concerns. Brussels: European Commission.
EURYDICE (2004). The teaching profession in Europe: Profile, trends and concerns. Brussels: European Commission.
Evetts, J. (2003). The sociological analysis of professionalism: Occupational change in the modern world. International Sociology, 18, 395–415.
Faas, D. (2011). Between ethnocentrism and Europeanism? An exploration of the effects of migration and European integration on curricula and policies in Greece. Ethnicities, 11, 163-183.
Flash Eurobarometer (2005). The European constitution: Post-referendum survey in the Netherlands. Fieldwork, 02/04. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl172_en.pdf.
García, S. (Ed.). (1993). European identity and the search for legitimacy. London: Pinter.
Gecas, V., & Burke, P. J. (1995). Self and identity. In K. Cook, G. A. Fine, & J. S. House (Eds.), Sociological perspectives on social psychology (pp. 41-67). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gewirtz, S. (2002). The managerial school: Post-welfarism and social justice in education. London: Routledge.
Gifi, A. (1990). Nonlinear multivariate analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A., & Marsh, H. (2006). The causal ordering of self-concept and academic motivation and its effect on academic achievement. International Education Journal, 12, 117-143.
Hartley, D., & Whitehead, M. (Eds). (2006). Major series: Teacher education. London: Routledge.
Herb, G. H., & Kaplan, D. H. (Eds). (1999). Nested identities: Nationalism, territory and scale. Lanham Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hewitt, J. P. (1997). Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology. Princeton, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.
Hix, S., & Bjorn, H. (2011). The political system of the European Union. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Hoskins, B., Jesinghaus, J., Mascherini, M., Munda, G., Nardo, M., Saisana, M., & Villalba, E. (2006). Measuring active citizenship in Europe. CRELL Research Paper 4 EUR 22530 EN. Luxembourg: European Commission, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen.
Hurtado, A, Gurin, P, & Peng, T. (1994). Social identities - A framework for studying the adaptations of immigrants and ethics: The adaptations of Mexicans in the USA. Social Problems, 41, 222-247.
Kelpanides, M., & Vrinioti, K. (2008). Europäische oder nationale Orientierung? EinVergleich der Einstellungen und des Verhaltens von Schülerinnen und Schülernaus den europäischen Mitgliedsländernan der Europaschule Luxemburg. Tertium Comparationis. Journal für International und Interkulturell Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft, 14, 25-53.
Linting, M., Meulman, J. J., Groenen, P. J. F., & van der Kooij, A. J. (2007). Stability of nonlinear principal components analysis: An empirical study using the balanced bootstrap. Psychological Methods, 12, 359-379.
Macdonald, S. (Ed.), (1993). Inside European identities: Ethnography in western Europe. Oxford: Berg.
Meulman, J. J., van der Kooij, A. J., & Heiser, W. J. (2004). Principal components analysis with nonlinear optimal scaling transformations for ordinal and nominal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 49-70). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Linting, M., Meulman, J. J., Groenen, P. J. F., & van der Koojj, A. J. (2007). Nonlinear principal components analysis: Introduction and application. Psychological Methods, 12, 336–358.
Michael, M. (1996). Constructing identities: The social, the nonhuman and change. London: Sage.
Mikkeli, H., (1998). Europe as an idea and an identity. London: Routledge.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2000). School factors related to equity. Paris: OECD Publications.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2005). Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers, Paris: OECD Publications.
Office for standards in education. (2010). Citizenship established? Manchester: Ofsted.
Papanaoum, Z. (1989). The education of teachers in Greece: Problems and perspectives. In A. Monasta (Ed.), The children of Japhet. A European programme for the new professionality of teachers and trainers (pp. 89-106). Firenze: McColl.
Risse, T. (2003). The Euro between national and European identity. Journal of European Public Policy, 10, 487–505.
Schild, J. (2001). National vs European Identities? French and Germans in the European multi-level system. Journal of Common Market Studies, 39, 331-51.
Sedikides, C., & Spencer, S. J. (Eds.). (2007). The Self. New York (ΝΥ): Psychology Press.
Shatkin, G., & Gershberg, A. I., (2007). Empowering parents and building communities: The role of school-based councils in educational governance and accountability. Urban Education, 42, 582-615.
Smith, A. D. (1995). Nations and nationalism in a global era. Cambridge: Polity.
Snyder, E. E., & Spreitzer, E. (1984). Identity and commitment to the teacher’s role. Teaching Sociology, 11, 151-166.
Spiering, M. (1996). National identity and European unity. In M. Wintle (Ed.), Culture and identity in Europe: Perceptions of divergence and unity in past and presence (pp. 98-132). Aldershot, Hampshire: Avebury.
Starida, M. (1995). Issues of quality in Greek teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 18, 115-121.
Stets, J., & Burke, P., (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 224-237.
Wintle, M. J. (Ed.). (2002). Culture and identity in Europe: Perceptions of divergence and unity in past and present. Aldershot, Hampshire: Avebury Press.
Xochelis, P. (2000). Teachers’ work as a social role. Thesaloniki: Kyriakidis (in Greek).
