PURIFICATION OF URBAN WASTEWATERS BY HELLENIC NATURAL ZEOLITE
Résumé
Treatment of urban wastewaters (pHinitial 8.2), with 6 g of Hellenic Natural Zeolite (HENAZE) of an grain-size < 1.5 mm, gave overflowed clear water of pH 7.5, free of odors and improved quality parameters by 87% for the suspended particles, 88% for the color, 91% for the P2O5 content, 93% for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 97% for the NH4 content. Compared to previous experiment, the decrease of the amount of HENAZE by 1.5 g (20%) resulted to the purification worsening only by 1-2%. The HENAZE comes from Ntrista stream of Petrota village of Trigono Municipality of Evros Prefecture, Northeastern Greece. HENAZE contains 89 wt.% HEU-type zeolite and exhibit an ammonia ion exchange capacity (sorption ability) of 226 meq/100g. The mineralogical composition and the unique physico-chemical properties, make the HENAZE suitable material for numerous environmental, industrial, agricultural and aquacultural applications, such as: Animal nutrition, soil amendment for agriculture, pH soil regulation, greenhouse and flowers substrates, durability and health improvement of lawn, purification of industrial and urban wastewaters, treatment of sewage sludge, odor control, fishery and fish breeding, gas purification and drying systems, oxygen enrichment of aquatic ecosystems, improvement of drinking water quality, constructed wetlands and wastewater treatment units. The treatment gave as precipitate an odorless and cohesive zeo-sewage sludge, suitable for safe deposition and also for the reclamation of agricultural soils. The zeo-sewage sludge, produced either from the urban wastewater treatment or from the mixing of HENAZE and sewage sludge, can be used for the reclamation of agricultural soils. The presence of HENAZE in the agricultural soils, increases the crops yield by 29 57% and improves the quality of agricultural products by 4-46%, reduces the use of fertilizers by 55-100%, reduces the usage of irrigation water by 33-67%, prevents the seepage of dangerous species into the water environment (e.g., NO3 - by 55-57%), protecting thus the quality of surface and underground waters. The usage of HENAZE in vivarium units and in the animal nutrition, increases the production and improves the quality of the relevant products.
Article Details
- Comment citer
-
Filippidis, A., Papastergios, G., Apostolidis, N., Filippidis, S., Paragios, I., & Sikalidis, C. (2010). PURIFICATION OF URBAN WASTEWATERS BY HELLENIC NATURAL ZEOLITE. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 43(5), 2597–2605. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11667
- Rubrique
- Petrology and Mineralogy
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Téléchargements
Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.
Références
Arvanitidis, N., 1998. Northern Greece‘s industrial minerals: production and environmental technology
developments. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 62, 217-227.
Barbieri, M., Castorina, F., Masi, U., Garbarino, C., Nicoletti, M., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., Filippidis, A. and
Mignardi, S., 2001. Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the origin of rhyolites from Petrota (Northern
Thrace, Greece) and geodynamic significance. Chemie der Erde 61, 13-29.
Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001. Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications. Mineralogical
Society of America, 654 pp., Washington DC.
Carr, D.D., 1994. Industrial Minerals and Rocks. Braun-Brumfield Inc., 1196 pp., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Charistos, D., Godelitsas, A., Tsipis, C., Sofoniou, M., Dwyer, J., Manos, G., Filippidis, A. and Triantafyllidis,
C., 1997. Interaction of natrolite and thomsonite intergrowths with aqueous solutions of different
initial pH values at 25o C in the presence of KCl: Reaction mechanisms. Applied Geochemistry
, 693-703.
Collela, C. and Mumpton, F.A., 2000. Natural Zeolites for the Third Millenium. De Frede Editore, 481pp.,
Napoli.
Christidis, G.E., Moraetis, D., Keheyan, E., Akhalbedashvili, L., Kekelidze, N., Gevorkyan, R., Yeritsyan,
H. and Sargsyan, H., 2003. Chemical and thermal modification of natural HEU-type zeolitic materials
from Armenia, Georgia and Greece. Applied Clay Science 24, 79-91.
Deligiannis, K., Lainas, Th., Arsenos, G., Papadopoulos, E., Fortomaris, P., Kufidis, D., Stamataris, C. and
Zygoyiannis, D., 2005. The effect of feeding clinoptilolite on food intake and performance of growing
lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes. Livestock Production Science 96, 195-203.
Filippidis, A., 2005. Mineralogy and physico-chemical characteristics of five natural zeolite samples for
N. Alexandridis & Co O.E. Internal report, 10 pp., Thessaloniki, In Greek.
Filippidis, A., 2007. Zeolites of Trigono Municipality of Evros Prefecture in industrial, agricultural, cattle-
raising and environmental technology. Proceedings, Scientific Meeting on Development Perspectives
of Northern Evros, Petrota, Greece, 89-107, In Greek.
Filippidis, A., 2008. Treatment and recycling of municipal and industrial waste waters using Hellenic
Natural Zeolite: A Review. CD-Proceedings, AQUA 2008, 3rd Intern. Conf. Water Science and Technology,
Athens, 5 pp.
Filippidis, A. and Kantiranis, N., 2002. Morphology, mineralogy, chemistry, mineralchemistry and ion exchange
capacity of five natural zeolite samples for N. Alexandridis & Co O.E., Internal report, 5 pp.,
Thessaloniki, In Greek.
Filippidis, A. and Kantiranis, N., 2005. Industrial, agricultural and environmental uses of the natural zeolites
of Thrace. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece 37, 90-101, In Greek with English summary.
Filippidis, A. and Kantiranis, N., 2007. Experimental neutralization of lake and stream waters from N.
Greece using domestic HEU-type rich natural zeolitic material. Desalination 213, 47-55.
Filippidis, A. and Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., 2000. Environmental uses of natural zeolites from Evros district,
Thrace, Greece, Proceedings, 5th International Conference on Environmental Pollution, Thessaloniki,
-155.
Filippidis, A., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A. and Tsirambides, A., 1995. The zeolites of Petrota and Metaxades
(Thrace) and the kaolins of Leucogia (Macedonia), Greece. In: Aleksiev, B.(ed.) Field Tripe Guide,
International Symposium on Natural Zeolites, Sofia, 49-62.
Filippidis, A., Godelitsas, A., Charistos, D., Misaelides, P. and Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., 1996. The chemical
behavior of natural zeolites in aqueous environments: Interactions between low-silica zeolites
and 1M NaCl solutions of different initial pH-values. Applied Clay Science 11: 199-209.
XLIII, No 5 – 2602
Filippidis, A., Kantiranis, N., Drakoulis, A. and Vogiatzis, D., 2006. Improvement and protection of the
lake Koronia using natural zeolite. Proceedings, 2nd Congress of Aristotle University Environment
Council, Thessaloniki, 273-279, In Greek with English summary.
Filippidis, A., Siomos, A., Barbayiannis, N. and Filippidis, S., 2007. Agriculrural and environmental applications
using Hellenic Natural Zeolite of Petrota (Evros), Proceedings, Jean Monnet Congress,
Veria, Greece, 557-569, In Greek with English summary.
Filippidis, A., Apostolidis, N., Filippidis, S. and Paragios, I., 2008a. Purification of industrial and urban
wastewaters, production of odorless and cohesive zeo-sewage sludge using Hellenic Natural Zeolite.
Proceedings, Second International Conference on Small and Decentralized Water and Wastewater
Treatment Plants, Skiathos, Greece, 403-408.
Filippidis, A., Apostolidis, N., Paragios, I. and Filippidis, S., 2008b. Purification of dye-work and urban
wastewaters, production of odorless and cohesive zeo-sewage sludge, using Hellenic Natural Zeolite.
CD-Proceedings, 1st International Conference on Hazardous Waste Management, Chania, Greece, 8
pp.
Filippidis, A., Apostolidis, N., Paragios, I. and Filippidis, S., 2008c. Safe management of sewage sludge,
produced by treatment of municipal sewage with Hellenic Natural Zeolite. CD-Proceedings, AQUA
, 3rd International Conference on Water Science and Technology, Athens, 5 pp.
Filippidis, A., Apostolidis, N., Paragios, I. and Filippidis, S., 2008d. Zeolites clean up. Industrial Minerals,
April, 68-71.
Filippidis, A., Kantiranis, N., Filippidis, S., Vordogiannis, I., Apostolidis, N. and Paragios, I., 2008e. Purification
of Textile-work Waste Waters with Natural Zeolite. Patent Number: 1006140, Industrial
Property Organisation, Athens, In Greek.
Filippidis, A., Kantiranis, N., Filippidis, S., Vordogiannis, I., Apostolidis, N. and Paragios, I., 2008f. Purification
of Sewage with Natural Zeolite. Patent Number: 1006145, Industrial Property Organisation,
Athens, In Greek.
Filippidis, A., Kantiranis, N., Filippidis, S., Vordogiannis, I., Apostolidis, N. and Paragios, I., 2008g. Purification
of Tanning-work Waste Waters with Natural Zeolite. Patent Number: 1006146, Industrial
Property Organisation, Athens, In Greek.
Filippidis, A., Papastergios, G., Apostolidis, N., Paragios, I., Filippidis, S. and Sikalidis, C., 2009. Odorless
and cohesive zeo-sewage sludge produced by Hellenic Natural Zeolite treatment. Proceedings,
rd International Conference, AMIREG 2009, Athens, 96-100.
Fokas, P., Zervas, G., Fegeros, K. and Zoiopoulos, P., 2004. Assessment of Pb retention coefficient and
nutrient utilization in growing pigs fed diets with added clinoptilolite. Animal Feed Science and Technology
, 121-129.
Godelitsas, A., Charistos, D., Dwyer, J., Tsipis, C., Filippidis, A., Hatzidimitriou, A. and Pavlidou, E.,
Copper (II)-loaded HEU-type zeolite crystals: characterization and evidence of surface complexation
with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate anions. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 33, 77-
Godelitsas, A., Charistos, D., Tsipis, A., Tsipis, C., Filippidis, A., Triantafyllidis, C., Manos, G. and Siapkas,
D., 2001. Characterisation of zeolitic materials with a HEU-type structure modified by transition
metal elements: Definition of acid sites in Nickel-loaded crystals in the light of experimental and
quantum-chemical results. Chemistry European Journal 7, 3705-3721.
Godelitsas, A., Charistos, D., Tsipis, C., Misaelides, P., Filippidis, A. and Schindler, M., 2003. Heterostructures
patterned on aluminosilicate microporous substrates: Crystallisation of cobalt (III)
tris(N,N-diethyl-dithiocarbamato) on the surface of HEU-type zeolite. Microporous and Mesoporous
Materials 61, 69-77.
XLIII, No 5 – 2603
Hall, A., Stamatakis, M. and Walsh, J.N., 2000. The Pentalofos zeolitic tuff formation: A giant ion-exchange
column. Annales Geologiques des Pays Helleniques 38, 175-192.
Harben, P.W., 2002. The Industrial Minerals HandyBook. Pensord, 409 pp., Blackwood, UK.
Inglezakis, V.J. and Grigoropoulou, H., 2004. Effects of operating conditions on the removal of heavy metals
by zeolite in fixed bed reactors. Journal of Hazardous Materials B112,37-43.
Inglezakis, V.J., Loizidou, M.M. and Grigoropoulou, H.P., 2004. Ion exchange studies on natural and
modified zeolites and the concept of exchange site accessibility. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
, 570-576.
Inglezakis, V.J., Zorpas, A.A., Loizidou, M.D. and Grigoropoulou, H.P., 2005. The effect of competitive
cations and anions on ion exchange of heavy metals. Separation and Purification Technology 46,
-207.
Kantiranis, N., Chrissafis, C., Filippidis, A. and Paraskevopoulos, K., 2006. Thermal distinction of HEUtype
mineral phases contained in Greek zeolite-rich volcaniclastic tuffs. European Journal of Mineralogy
, 509-516.
Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., Stamatakis, M., Hall, A., Filippidis, A., Michailidis, K., Tsirambides, A. and Koutles,
Th., 2000. The Ca-rich clinoptilolite deposit of Pentalofos, Thrace, Greece. In: Colella, C. &
Mumpton, F.A.(eds) Natural Zeolites for the Third Millennium, De Frede Editore, Napoli, 193-202.
Katranas, Th., Vlessidis, A., Tsiatouras, V., Triantafyllidis, K. and Evmiridis, N., 2003. Dehydrogenation
of propane over natural clinoptilolite zeolites. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 61, 189-198.
Kirov, G.N., Filippidis, A., Tsirambidis, A., Tzvetanov, R.G. and Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., 1990. Zeolitebearing
rocks in Petrota area (Eastern Rhodope Massif, Greece). Geologica Rhodopica 2, 500-511.
Koshiaris, G., Marantos, I., Tsirambides, A., Stamatakis, M.G., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A. and Filippidis, A.,
The zeolite deposits of Thrace (North-Eastern Greece). Field Trip Guide, 6th International Conference
on Natural Zeolites, Thessaloniki, 23 pp.
Krestou, A., Xenidis, A. and Panias, D., 2003. Mechanism of aqueous uranium (VI) uptake by natural zeolitic
tuff. Minerals Engineering 16, 1363-1370.
Kyriakis, S.C., Papaioannou, D.S., Alexopoulos, C., Polizopoulou, Z., Tzika, E.D. and Kyriakis, C.S.,
Experimental studies on safety and efficacy of the dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff in
sows: a review of recent research in Greece. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 51, 65-74.
Marantos, I. and Perdikatsis, V., 1994. Study of the mineralogical composition, dehydration / adsorption
of water and ion exchange capacity of zeolitic tuffs from Petrota-Pentalofos area, N. Evros. Bull.
Geol. Soc. Greece 30/3, 311-321, In Greek with English abstract.
Misaelides, P., Godelitsas, A., Haristos, D., Noli, F., Filippidis, A. and Sikalidis, C., 1993. Determination
of heavy metal uptake by the sodium form of heulandite using radiochemical techniques. Geologica
Carpathica - Series Clays 44/2, 115-119.
Misaelides, P., Godelitsas, A., Filippidis, A., Charistos, D. and Anousis, I., 1995. Thorium and uranium
uptake by natural zeolitic materials. The Science of the Total Environment 173/174, 237-246.
Moirou, A., Xenidis, A. and Paspaliaris, I., 2001. Stabilization Pb, Zn, and Cd- contaminated soil by
means of natural zeolites. Soil and Sediment Contamination 10/3, 251-267.
Papaioannou, D.S., Kyriakis, S.C., Papasteriadis, A., Roumbies, N., Yannakopoulos, A. and Alexopoulos,
C., 2002a. A field study on the effect of in-feed inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on
health status and performance of sows/gilts and their litters. Research in Veterinary Science 72, 51-
Papaioannou, D., Kyriakis, S., Papasteriadis, A., Roumbies, N., Yannakopoulos, A. and Alexopoulos, C.,
b. Effect of in-feed inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on certain vitamin, macro and
XLIII, No 5 – 2604
trace element concentrations in the blood, liver and kidney tissues of sows. Research in Veterinary Science
, 61-68.
Perraki, Th. and Orfanoudaki, A., 2004. Mineralogical study of zeolites from Pentalofos area, Thrace,
Greece. Applied Clay Science 25, 9-16.
Perraki, Th., Kakali, G. and Kontoleon, F., 2003. The effect of natural zeolites on the early hydration of
Portland cement. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 61, 205-212.
Pond, W.G. and Mumpton, F.A., 1984. Zeo-Agriculture, Use of Natural Zeolites in Agriculture and Aquaculture,
I.C.N.Z., 305 pp., Brockport, NY.
Savvas, D., Samantouros, K., Paralemos, D., Vlachakos, G., Stamatakis, M. and Vassilatos, C., 2002.
Yield and nutrient status in the root environment of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown on
chemically active and inactive inorganic substrates. Acta Horticulturae 644, 377-383.
Stamatakis, M., Hall, A., Lutat, U. and Walsh, J.N., 1998. Mineralogy, origin and commercial value of
the zeolite-rich tuffs in the Petrota-Pentalofos area, Evros county, Greece. Estudios Geologicos 54,
-15.
Stamatakis, M., Koukouzas, N., Vassilatos, Ch., Kamenou, E. and Samantouros, K., 2001. The zeolites
from Evros region, Northern Greece: A potential use as cultivation substrate in hydroponics. Acta
Horticulturae 548, 93-103.
Tsitsishvili, G.V., Andronikashvili, T.G., Kirov, G.N. and Filizova, L.D., 1992. Natural Zeolites, Ellis
Horwood Ltd, 295 pp., Chichester, West Sussex.
Warchol, J., Misaelides, P., Petrus, R. and Zamboulis, D., 2006. Preparation and application of organomodified
zeolitic material in the removal of chromates and iodides. Journal of Hazardous Materials
B137, 1410-1416.
Vlessidis, A.G., Triantafillidis, C.S. and Evmiridis, N.P., 2001. Removal and recovery of p-phenylenediamines
developing coumpounds from photofinishing lab washwater using clinoptilolite tuffs from
Greece. Water Research 35, 1603-1608.
Yannakopoulos, A., Tserveni-Gousi, A., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., Tsirambides, A., Michailidis, K., Filippidis,
A. and Lutat, U., 2000. Effects of dietary clinoptilolite-rich tuff on the performance of growing-
finishing pigs. In: Colella, C. & Mumpton, F.A.(eds) Natural Zeolites for the Third Millennium,
De Frede Editore, Napoli, 471-481.
Zorpas, A.A., Constantinides, T., Vlyssides, A.G., Haralambous, I. and Loizidou, M., 2000a. Heavy metal
uptake by natural zeolite and metals partitioning in sewage sludge compost. Bioresource Technology
, 113-119.
Zorpas, A.A., Kapetanios, E., Zorpas, G.A., Karlis, P., Vlyssides, A., Haralambous, I. and Loizidou, M.,
b. Compost produced from organic fraction of municipal solid waste, primary stabilized sewage
sludge and natural zeolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials B77, 149-159.
