Chronic or atrophie masticatory myositis in the dog. A report of two spontaneous cases

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Published: Jan 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15698
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ)
Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
C. D. VAMVAKIDIS (Χ. Δ. ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙΔΗΣ)
Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Z. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
S. LEKKAS (Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ)
Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
G. GEORGIADIS (Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΔΗΣ)
Εργαστήριο Κλινικής Νευροφυσιολογίας, 3η Νευρολογική Κλινική, Γ.ΠΝ. 'Γ. Παπανικολάου", Τμήμα Ιατρικής, Α.ΠΘ.
Abstract

Two young adult dogs (case 1: German wirehaired pointer male, case 2: mongrel female) were admitted to our Clinic because of a progressive, bilateral and symmetrical atrophy of the masticatory muscles, that was most obvious in the temporal muscles. No signs of mandibular dysfunction were detected in both animals. The clinical diagnosis of chronic or atrophic myositis was confirmed by the histopathology of temporal muscle biopsies, which revealed the typical of the disease lesions, such as myofiber degeneration, regeneration and atrophy, interstitial or perivascular cellular infiltrates, chiefly of lymphocytes and plasma cells plus perimysial fibrosis. Temporal muscle electromyography, done only in case 1, showed abnormal spontaneous activity indicating myositis. The use of prednisolone at immunosuppressive doses, with or without azathioprine, not only stopped the progression of the disease but resulted in a partial restoration of the masticatory muscle mass.

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