Νεότερες απόψεις στη θεραπεία και πρόληψη του λοιμώδους εκθΰματος των μικρών μηρυκαστικών: με έμφαση του νοσολογικού προβλήματος που αντιμετωπίζει η ελληνική αιγοπροβατοτροφία εξαιτίας του.

Опубликован: Mar 22, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16102
D. STAMPOULIS (Δ. ΣΤΑΜΠΟΥΛΗΣ)
N. D. GIADINIS (N.Δ. ΓΙΑΔΙΝΗΣ)
Clinic of Farm Animals
M. PAPANASTASSOPOULOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ)
Аннотация

To λοιμώδες έκθυμα είναι ιογενής νόσος, που παρατηρείται κυρίως στα μικρά μηρυκαστικά νεαρής ηλικίας, ενώ μπορεί να εμφανιστεί και σε άλλα ζωικά είδη, καθιός και στον άνθρωπο. Σε νεογέννητους αμνούς και ερίφια προκαλεί συνήθως αλλοιώσεις γΰρω από το στόμα και τους ρώθωνες, καθώς και στοματίτιδα. Σε ήπιες περιπτώσεις η νόσος αυτοϊάται, ενώ άλλες φορές παρατηρείται αυξημένη θνησιμότητα από σοβαρές επιπλοκές (π.χ. βρογχοπνευμονία). Τα τελευταία χρόνια αναπτύχθηκαν θεραπευτικές αγωγές που συνίστανται στη χρησιμοποίηση αντι-ιϊκών φαρμάκων, οι οποίες όμως βρίσκονται σε πειραματικό επίπεδο. Το πλεονέκτημα των φαρμάκων αυτών είναι η υψηλή αποτελεσματικότητα και ειδικότητα απέναντι στον ιό του λοιμώδους εκθΰματος, καθώς και η απουσία τοξικών φαινομένων στα επιθήλια. Όπως και στα περισσότερα
λοιμώδη νοσήματα, η πρόληψη της νόσου με τη χρήση εμβολίων αποτελεί το κΰριο μέλημα αντιμετώπισης του λοιμώδους εκθύματος. Για το λόγο αυτό, έχουν εκπονηθεί αρκετές μελέτες για την κατανόηση των ανοσολογικών μηχανισμών που βοηθούν στην προστασία από τη νόσο. Η παρούσα βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση εστιάζεται στην πρόληψη της νόσου με τη χρήση εμβολίων, στα πειραματικά πρωτόκολλα που μπορούν αργότερα να την αντιμετωπίσουν θεραπευτικά και στα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζει από αυτό το λοιμώδες ιογενές νόσημα η εγχώρια αιγοπροβατοτροφία.

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