Πειραματικά πρότυπα μελέτης της ακρίβειας παρακολούθησης της κατανόησης σε ενήλικο πληθυσμό


Δημοσιευμένα: Jan 28, 2020
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Ικανότητα παρακολούθησης Ακρίβεια παρακολούθησης Κατανόηση κειμένου Ενήλικες
Μαρία Σοφολόγη
Περίληψη

Η κατανόηση αποτελεί τον κεντρικό σκοπό της ανάγνωσης, μια από τις πλέον σημαντικές δεξιότητες του ανθρώπου. Επιπλέον, η ανάγνωση και, επομένως η κατανόηση, είναι πολύ σύνθετες διαδικασίες, οι οποίες οικοδομούνται μέσα από την αλληλεπίδραση όλων των επιμέρους γνωστικών λειτουργιών. Πρόκειται για μια διαδικασία η οποία συμβαίνει σε γνωστικό αλλά και σε μεταγνωστικό επίπεδο. Μάλιστα, η μετακατανόηση αποτελεί σημαντικό ερμηνευτικό παράγοντα της μάθησης, κυρίως στο πεδίο της κατανόησης κειμένου (βλ.Annevirta, Laakkonen, Kinnunen, &Vauras, 2007). H ακριβής παρακολούθηση διαδραματίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στην αναγνωστική διαδικασία, διότι πυροδοτεί την έναρξη της γνωστικής επεξεργασίας του υλικού και ρυθμίζει το χρόνο ενασχόλησης με αυτό, συμβάλλοντας στην αυτο-ρύθμιση της ανάγνωσης. Το σύνηθες πειραματικό σχέδιο για τη μελέτη της παρακολούθησης της κατανόησης κειμένου περιλαμβάνει τη χρήση μεταγνωστικών εμπειριών, όπως η κρίση για μάθηση, η ευχέρεια της μάθησης, το αίσθημα ότι γνωρίζω, και το αίσθημα βεβαιότητας ως προς την ορθότητα της επίδοσης σε έργα κατανόησης. Οι περισσότερες μελέτες έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί σε ενήλικο πληθυσμό κυρίως φοιτητικό. Η παρούσα προσπάθεια ερευνητικής επισκόπησης επιχειρεί να παρουσιάσει και να ερμηνεύσει ποικίλα ερευνητικά πρότυπα τα οποία έχουν ως απώτερο στόχο τη βελτίωση της ικανότητας παρακολούθησης της κατανόησης κειμένου σε ενήλικο πληθυσμό. Η κριτική αποτίμηση των αποτελεσμάτων καθώς και οι πιθανοί πειραματικοί μέθοδοι βελτίωσης της ακρίβειας παρακολούθησης της κατανόησης κειμένου σε ενήλικο πληθυσμό συζητώνται.

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Βιογραφικό Συγγραφέα
Μαρία Σοφολόγη, Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων

 Μετα-διδάκτορας Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος Νηπιαγωγών

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