Εκτελεστικές λειτουργίες σε γαλλο-ελληνόφωνους πρώιμα δίγλωσσους: Σε αναζήτηση του προτεινόμενου πλεονεκτήματος
Δημοσιευμένα:
Dec 26, 2020
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
αναστολή εκτελεστικές λειτουργίες εναλλαγή ενημέρωση πρώιμη διγλωσσία
Περίληψη
Η καθημερινή χρήση δύο γλωσσών απαιτεί, μεταξύ άλλων, από έναν δίγλωσσο ομιλητή τη διαχείριση διαγλωσσικών επιδράσεων και παρεμβολών. Αυτή η εξάσκηση θεωρείται πως αντανακλάται στις καλύτερες επιδόσεις τους έναντι των μονόγλωσσων σε μη λεκτικά γνωστικά έργα. Πρόσφατα ευρήματα, ωστόσο, θέτουν υπό αμφισβήτηση το προτεινόμενο πλεονέκτημα. Η παρούσα μελέτη διερευνά το ζήτημα σε πρώιμα δίγλωσσους ενήλικες (γαλλο-ελληνόφωνους). Η έκθεση στις δύο γλώσσες από τη βρεφική ηλικία θεωρείται πως ευνοεί την εκδήλωση πλεονεκτήματος. Οι επιδόσεις τους σε έργα εκτελεστικών λειτουργιών, συγκεκριμένα, σε έργα εναλλαγής, αναστολής και ενημέρωσης (διαβαθμισμένης δυσκολίας), συγκρίθηκαν με αυτές ελληνόφωνων μονόγλωσσων. Οι δύο ομάδες εξισώθηκαν ως προς το φύλο, την ηλικία, τη μη λεκτική νοημοσύνη και το κοινωνικοοικονομικό επίπεδο. Σε συμφωνία με το προτεινόμενο πλεονέκτημα και, όπως αναμενόταν, οι δίγλωσσοι ενήλικες ήταν ταχύτεροι στο έργο εναλλαγής. Επίσης, η απόκλιση της ταχύτητας απόκρισης στις δοκιμασίες των απλών συστοιχιών (σταθερό κριτήριο απόκρισης) από τις δοκιμασίες των σύνθετων συστοιχιών όπου δεν άλλαζε το κριτήριο (mixing cost), ήταν μικρότερη για τους δίγλωσσους συμμετέχοντες. Αντιθέτως, οι γλωσσικές ομάδες δεν διαφοροποιήθηκαν ως προς την απόκλιση της ταχύτητας απόκρισης στις δοκιμασίες των σύνθετων συστοιχιών όπου άλλαζε το κριτήριο, από αυτές στις οποίες παρέμενε σταθερό (switching cost). Διαφορές δεν παρατηρήθηκαν ούτε στις μετρήσεις αναστολής και ενημέρωσης, σε κανένα επίπεδο μνημονικών απαιτήσεων, αντίθετα από το αναμενόμενο. Αντίστοιχα, το πόσο ισορροπημένη ήταν η διγλωσσία δεν συσχετίστηκε με τις γνωστικές επιδόσεις των δίγλωσσων. Τα ευρήματα δεν επιβεβαιώνουν την ύπαρξη γενικευμένου γνωστικού πλεονεκτήματος σε πρώιμα δίγλωσσους ενήλικες. Συζητούνται παράγοντες που ενδέχεται να επηρεάζουν την εκδήλωσή του και διατυπώνονται προτάσεις για μελλοντική έρευνα.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
- Πώς να δημιουργήσετε Αναφορές
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Chrysochoou, E., Kanaki, S., & Vivas, A. B. (2020). Εκτελεστικές λειτουργίες σε γαλλο-ελληνόφωνους πρώιμα δίγλωσσους: Σε αναζήτηση του προτεινόμενου πλεονεκτήματος. Ψυχολογία: το περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας, 25(2), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25588
- Ενότητα
- ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΚΕΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΕΣ
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Λήψεις
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