Δεξιότητες φωνολογικής και μορφολογικής επίγνωσης μαθητών νηπιαγωγείου σε σχέση με το κοινωνικοοικονομικό επίπεδο των γονέων


Ιωάννης Γρηγοράκης
Θεόδωρος Ελευθεράκης
Résumé

Αν και το κοινωνικοοικονομικό επίπεδο των γονέων συνδέεται με την ανάπτυξη της φωνολογικής επίγνωσης μαθητών νηπιαγωγείου, εντούτοις ελάχιστες έρευνες έχουν συνεξετάσει τη σχέση επιμέρους κοινωνικοοικονομικών δεικτών με την ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων φωνολογικής και μορφολογικής επίγνωσης. Σκοπός της παρούσας συγχρονικής μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει χωριστά τον ρόλο του μορφωτικού και του επαγγελματικού επιπέδου της μητέρας και του πατέρα στην ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων φωνολογικής και μορφολογικής επίγνωσης. Διακόσιοι είκοσι εννέα μαθητές νηπιαγωγείου αξιολογήθηκαν σε δοκιμασίες μέτρησης της φωνολογικής και της μορφολογικής τους επίγνωσης σε επιγλωσσικό και μεταγλωσσικό επίπεδο. Αξιολογήθηκαν επίσης ως προς τη μη λεκτική νοημοσύνη, τη λεκτική νοητική ικανότητα, τη βραχύχρονη μνήμη, το προσληπτικό και το εκφραστικό λεξιλόγιο. Παράλληλα, οι γονείς των μαθητών κατέγραψαν, μέσω ερωτηματολογίου που τους χορηγήθηκε, το επίπεδο των σπουδών και το επάγγελμά τους τη συγκεκριμένη χρονική περίοδο. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι επιδόσεις των παιδιών σε όλες τις μεταγλωσσικές μετρήσεις διαφοροποιήθηκαν ως προς το μορφωτικό και επαγγελματικό επίπεδο κάθε γονέα. Οι διαφορές εντοπίστηκαν, κυρίως, μεταξύ των ακραίων μορφωτικών και επαγγελματικών επιπέδων. Επίσης, έδειξαν ότι το μορφωτικό και επαγγελματικό επίπεδο της μητέρας είχε μια ανεξάρτητη συμβολή στην ανάπτυξη της φωνολογικής και της μορφολογικής επίγνωσης κυρίως σε επιγλωσσικό επίπεδο. Από την άλλη το μορφωτικό και επαγγελματικό επίπεδο του πατέρα είχε μια συμβολή στην ανάπτυξη της μορφολογικής επίγνωσης σε επιγλωσσικό επίπεδο. Τα ευρήματα αυτά αναδεικνύουν τον ρόλο του κοινωνικοοικονομικού επιπέδου των γονέων στη μεταγλωσσική ανάπτυξη και συζητούνται με βάση τη θεωρητική και εκπαιδευτική τους σημασία.

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