Τα διαγράμματα στην επίλυση προβλημάτων: δυσκολίες στη δημιουργία και στη χρήση τους από μαθητές της Δ’ Δημοτικού

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Publicado: Δεκ 18, 2023
Άννα Μπακαλίδου
Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-9983
Μαριάννα Τζεκάκη
Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
Resumen

Η παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζει τις δυσκολίες με τις οποίες οι μαθητές έρχονται αντιμέτωποι, όταν χρησιμοποιούν ή δημιουργούν διαγράμματα για να επιλύσουν λεκτικά προβλήματα αθροιστικής δομής μίας πράξης πριν και μετά από μια διδακτική παρέμβαση για τη χρήση διαγραμμάτων. Για τη διερεύνηση των δυσκολιών δόθηκαν δύο τεστ (αρχικό και τελικό) σε 45 μαθητές της Δ’ δημοτικού, οι οποίοι κλήθηκαν να επιλύσουν τρία προβλήματα με την παρότρυνση να σχεδιάσουν διαγράμματα και να τα χρησιμοποιήσουν. Οι δυσκολίες ταξινομήθηκαν σε τρεις κατηγορίες αναφορικά με την κατανόηση της έννοιας, τη δημιουργία και τη χρήση ενός διαγράμματος. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι αρχικά όλοι οι μαθητές δυσκολεύονται να κατανόησουν την έννοια του διαγράμματος κι αντίστοιχα να το χρησιμοποιήσουν. Μετά τη διδακτική παρέμβαση οι δυσκολίες των μαθητών περιορίστηκαν και αφορούσαν κυρίως τη δημιουργία ενός διαγράμματος ως προς τη συμπλήρωση των δεδομένων-ζητούμενου στη σωστή θέση ή τη χρήση του κυρίως σε προβλήματα Σύγκρισης και Αλλαγής.

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