Preschool teachers' definitions of self-reflection


Θαλασσογραφία, 50Χ60,ελαιογραφία, Μαρία Τσιβά, 2015
Published: May 28, 2021
Keywords:
Self- reflection preschool teachers self- reflection diary school context teaching
Αγγελική Κοκκόση
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-8866
Μαρία Πούλου
Γεράσιμος Κουστουράκης
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5399
Νικόλαος Χανιωτάκης
Abstract

This article examines preschool teachers' definitions of self-reflection. According to the literature the effective teacher should have the ability to reflect on what is happening in the context of school. Self-reflection helps teachers understand the complex nature of teaching and classrooms. The purpose of this paper is to examine preschool teachers’ definitions of self- reflection through the use of a self- reflection diary. In the part of the design of the research tools and their analysis, the research of mixed methods was followed in order to ensure a more complete understanding of the issue under consideration. The research lasted four weeks and involved 47 preschool teachers serving in public kindergartens in Western Greece. Preschool teachers' definitions of self - reflection were derived using a weekly reflection diary. NVivo-8 quality analysis software and SPSS statistical package were used for data analysis.The results of the study showed that the use of a weekly self -reflection diary influences preschool teachers' perceptions of what reflection is. The definitions given by the participants as the weeks to complete the self - reflection diary go on, contain more and more elements of Dewey's scientific definition about self-reflection.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biographies
Αγγελική Κοκκόση, Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
Υποψήφια Διδάκτωρ στο Τ.Ε.Ε.Α.Π.Η. Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών, Νηπιαγωγός
Μαρία Πούλου, Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
Αναπληρώτρια καθηγήτρια στο Τ.Ε.Ε.Α.Π.Η. Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
Γεράσιμος Κουστουράκης, Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
Καθηγητής στο Τ.Ε.Ε.Α.Π.Η. Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
Νικόλαος Χανιωτάκης, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
Αναπληρωτής καθηγητής στο Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
References
Αυγητίδου, Σ. (2014). Οι εκπαιδευτικοί ως ερευνητές και ως στοχαζόμενοι επαγγελματίες. Αθήνα: Gutenberg.
Ab Rashid, R. (2018). Dialogic reflection for professional development through conversations on a social networking site. Reflective Practice, 19(1), 105-117.
Ahmed, E. W., & Al-Khalili, K. Y. (2013). The impact of using reflective teaching approach on developing teaching skills of primary science student-teachers. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 3(2), 58-64.
Artzt, A. F., Armour-Thomas, E., Curcio, F. R., & Gurl, T. J. (2015). Becoming a reflective mathematics teacher: A guide for observations and self-assessment (3nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Βούλγαρη, Ρ. (2017). Στάσεις και αντιλήψεις εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης για τον εκπαιδευτικό αναστοχασμό και τη συμβολή του στην επαγγελματική τους ανάπτυξη. (Διπλωματική Εργασία, Χαροκόπειο Πανεπιστήμιο). Διαθέσιμο από http://estia.hua.gr/browse/19055.
Braun Jr, J. A., & Crumpler, T. P. (2004). The social memoir: An analysis of developing reflective ability in a pre-service methods course. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(1), 59-75.
Bray, E., & Harsch, K. (1996). Using Reflection/Review Journals in Japanese Classrooms. ERIC, 1-13.
Brookfield, S. D. (1995). Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher (3nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Brookfield, S. D. (2011). Teaching for critical thinking: Tools and techniques to help students question their assumptions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bryman, A. (2017). Quantitative and qualitative research: further reflections on their integration. In Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. London: Routledge.
Calderhead, J. (1989). Reflective teaching and teacher education. Teaching and teacher education, 5(1), 43-51.
Casanave, C. P. (2013). Journal writing in second language education. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2008). Μεθοδολογία εκπαιδευτικής έρευνας. Αθήνα: Μεταίχμιο.
Creswell, J. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. New York: Pearson.
Daniels, D. C. (2002). Becoming a reflective practitioner. Middle School Journal, 33(5), 52–56.
Dart, B. C., Boulton-Lewis, G. M., Brownlee, J. M., & McCrindle, A. R. (1998). Change in knowledge of learning and teaching through journal writing. Research Papers in Education, 13, 291–318.
Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think. Chicago: Henry Regnery. New York: Dover Publications.
Dimitriadou, Z. (2010). Investigating levels of reflection in EFL teachers of Greek state schools (master’s thesis). Available from Apothesis Eap. (No. 44413).
Durand, J., Hopf, M., & Nunnenmacher, S. (2016). Potentials and challenges of video-based self-reflection for the professionalisation of early childhood education and care professionals. Early Child Development and Care, 186(1), 23-41.
Ennis, R. H. (1989). Critical thinking and subject specificity: Clarification and needed research. Educational researcher, 18(3), 4-10.
Ennis, R., Norris, St. (1989). Evaluating Critical Thinking. Critical Thinking Press and Software.
Farrell, T. (1998) Reflective teaching: the principles and practices. Forum, 36(4): 10-17.
Fatemipour, H. (2013). The efficiency of the tools used for reflective teaching in ESL contexts. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1398-1403.
Fendler, L. (2003). Teacher reflection in a hall of mirrors: Historical influences and political reverberations. Educational researcher, 32(3), 16-25.
Freese, A. R. (2006). Reframing one's teaching: Discovering our teacher selves through reflection and inquiry. Teaching and teacher education, 22(1), 100-119.
Garza, R., & Smith, S. F. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ blog reflections: illuminating their growth and development. Cogent Education, 2(1), 1–15.
Glaser, E. (1941). An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking. New York: Columbia University.
Gelfuso, A. (2016). A framework for facilitating video-mediated reflection: Supporting preservice teachers as they create ‘warranted assertabilities’ about literacy teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 68-79.
Good, J. M., & Whang, P. A. (2002). Encouraging reflection in preservice teachers through response journals. The Teacher Educator, 37(4), 254–267.
Habermas, J. (1990). Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hatton, N., & Smith, D. (1995). Reflection in teacher education: Towards definition and implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11(1), 33-49.
Ibrahim, N. H., Surif, J., Arshad, M. Y., & Mokhtar, M. (2012). Self reflection focusing on pedagogical content knowledge. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 474-482.
Jay, J. K., & Johnson, K. L. (2002). Capturing complexity: A typology of reflective practice for teacher education. Teaching and teacher education, 18(1), 73-85.
Καλαϊτζοπούλου, Μ. (2001). Ο εκπαιδευτικός ως στοχαζόμενος επαγγελματίας. Αθήνα: Τυπωθήτω.
Καλογρίδη, Σ. (2007). Ο αναστοχαζόμενος εκπαιδευτικός και οι στρατηγικές έρευνας. Στο Δ. Χατζηδήμου, Κ. Μπίκος, Π. Στραβάκου&Κ. Χατζηδήμου(Επιμ.), Πρακτικά 5ου Πανελληνίου Συνεδρίου της Παιδαγωγικής Εταιρείας Ελλάδος (τομ. 2, σελ. 33‐39). Θεσσαλονίκη: Αφοι Κυριακίδη.
Κόκκος, Α. (2010). Κριτικός Στοχασμός: Ένα κρίσιμο Ζήτημα. Στο Δ. Βεργίδης & Α. Κόκκος (Επιμ.), Εκπαίδευση Ενηλίκων : Διεθνείς προσεγγίσεις και ελληνικές διαδρομές (σελ. 65 – 93). Αθήνα : Μεταίχμιο.
Κουτρούμπα, Κ., Βούλγαρη, Ρ., & Αντωνοπούλου, Α. (2020). Εκπαιδευτικός Αναστοχασμός: H Μεταγνωστική Ανατροφοδότηση στη Διδακτική Πράξη. Επιστήμες Αγωγής, 2020(1), 112-128.
Kalk, K., Luik, P., Taimalu, M., & Täht, K. (2014). Validity and reliability of two instruments to measure reflection: A confirmatory study. TRAMES: A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 18(2), 121-134.
Killeavy, M., & Moloney, A. (2010). Reflection in a social space: Can blogging support reflective practice for beginning teachers?, Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1070–1076.
Klimova, B. (2015). Diary Writing as a Tool for Students’ Self-reflection and Teacher's Feedback in the Course of Academic Writing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 549-553.
Korthagen, F. A. J. (April, 2001). Linking practice and theory: The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle.
Korthagen, F. A. (2004). In search of the essence of a good teacher: Towards a more holistic approach in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education, 20(1), 77-97.
Korthagen, F. A., & Kessels, J. P. (1999). Linking theory and practice: Changing the pedagogy of teacher education. Educational researcher, 28(4), 4-17.
Korthagen, F. & A. Vasalos (2005) Levels in Reflection: Core Reflection as a Means to Enhance Professional Growth. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 11(1): 47-71.
Kreber, C. (2005). Reflection on teaching and the scholarship of teaching: Focus on science instructors. Higher Education, 50(2), 323-359.
Κώστας, Α. (2015). Ηλεκτρονική κοινότητα πρακτικής άσκησης (e-ΚΠΑ): διερευνητική μελέτη περίπτωσης των κοινοτήτων πρακτικής με έμφαση στο στοχασμό και την επαγγελματική ταυτότητα των εκπαιδευόμενων εκπαιδευτικών (Διδακτορική διατριβή). Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου, Ρόδος.
Larrivee, B. (2006). The convergence of reflective practice and effective classroom management. In C. Evertson and C. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp.983–1001). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Larrivee, B. (2010). What We Know and Don’t Know about Teacher Reflection. In E. Pultorak (Ed.), The purposes, practices, and professionalism of teacher reflectivity: Insights for twenty-first-century teachers and students (pp. 137- 161). United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
Leithwood, K., Aitken, R., & Jantzi, D. (2001). Making Schools Smarter: A System for Monitoring School and District Progress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Liston, D.P., & Zeichner, K.M. (1990). Reflective teaching and action research in preservice teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 16(3), 235–254.
Loughran, J. J. (2002). Effective reflective practice: In search of meaning in learning about teaching. Journal of teacher education, 53(1), 33-43.
Lucas P. (2012, October). Critical reflection. What do we really mean? Paper presented at the 2012 Australian Collaborative Education Network National Conference, Perth, WA.
Luttenberg, J., & Bergen, T. (2008). Teacher reflection: the development of a typology. Teachers and teaching, 14(5-6), 543-566.
Ματσαγγούρας, Η. (1998). Θεωρία της Διδασκαλίας. Η προσωπική θεωρία ως πλαίσιο στοχαστικο‐κριτικής ανάλυσης. Αθήνα: Gutenberg.
Ματσαγγούρας, Η. Γ. & Κασούτας, Μ. (2007). Η Εκπαίδευση των εκπαιδευτικών στην εποχή της μετανεωτερικότητας: θεωρητικές αρχές, πρακτικές και ταξινόμηση των στοχαστικοκριτικών προσεγγίσεων. Στο Παν. Αθηνών, Φιλοσοφική Σχολή, Τμήμα ΦΠΨ. (επιμ.) Σύγχρονα παιδαγωγικά και εκπαιδευτικά θέματα. Χαριστήριος τόμος στον ομότιμο καθηγητή Ιωάννη Σ. Μαρκαντώνη , σσ. 313‐344. Αθήνα: Gutenberg.
Μιχαλοπούλου, Κ. (2007). Το αναστοχαστικό μοντέλο διδασκαλίας και οι απόψεις φοιτητών παιδαγωγικού τμήματος για την πρακτική τους άσκηση. Στο Δ. Χατζηδήμου, Κ. Μπίκος, Π. Στραβάκου & Κ. Χατζηδήμου (Επιμ.), Πρακτικά 5ου Πανελλήνιου Συνεδρίου της Παιδαγωγικής Εταιρείας Ελλάδος, Τόμος Β’, (σσ. 171-178). Θεσσαλονίκη: Αφοί Κυριακίδη.
Mann, S., & Walsh, S. (2013). RP or ‘RIP’: A critical perspective on reflective practice. Applied Linguistics Review, 4(2), 291-315.
Margolis, J. (2002). Re-form-ing reflection (and action) in English education. English Education, 34(3), 214-236.
Mayes, C. (2001). A transpersonal model for teacher reflectivity. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 33(4), 477-493.
Mezirow, J. and Associates (1990). Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood. San Francisco: Jossey – Bass.
Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New directions for adult and continuing education, 1997(74), 5-12.
Miller, B. (2010). Brookfield’s four lenses: Becoming a critically reflective teacher. Faculty of Arts Learning and Teaching Committee, University of Sydney.
Moon, J. A. (2006). Learning journals: A handbook for reflective practice and professional development. New York: Routledge.
Moore, K. B. (2002). Reflection for Program Improvement. Early Childhood Today, 16(8), 12-13.
Munby, H., & Russell, T. (1990). Metaphor in the study of teachers’ professional knowledge. Theory into practice, 29(2), 116-121.
Noormohammadi, S. (2014). Teacher reflection and its relation to teacher efficacy and autonomy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98(1), 1380-1389.
Παπακώστα, Χ. (2010). Αρχική παιδαγωγική κατάρτιση εκπαιδευτικών με έμφαση στη στοχαστική παρατήρηση. Διδακτορική διατριβή (Διδακτορική διατριβή, Εθνικό Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών). Διαθέσιμο από τη βάση δεδομένων του Εθνικού Κέντρου Τεκμηρίωσης (Κωδ. 19366).
Perryman, J., Ball, S. J., Braun, A., & Maguire, M. (2017). Translating policy: Governmentality and the reflective teacher. Journal of Education Policy, 32(6), 745-756.
Pihlaja, P. M., & Holst, T. K. (2013). How reflective are teachers? A study of kindergarten teachers' and special teachers' levels of reflection in day care. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 57(2), 182-198.
Pihlaja, P. M., & Holst, T. K. (2013). How reflective are teachers? A study of kindergarten teachers' and special teachers' levels of reflection in day care. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 57(2), 182-198.
Postholm, M. B. (2008). Teachers developing practice: Reflection as key activity. Teaching and teacher education, 24(7), 1717-1728.
Ρούσσος, Π., & Τσαούσης, Ι. (2010). Στατιστική εφαρμοσμένη στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες. Αθήνα: Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Reiman, A.J. (1999). The evolution of role taking and guided reflection framework in teacher education: Recent theory and quantitative synthesis of research. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15(6), 597–612.
Robson, C. (2007). Η έρευνα του πραγματικού κόσμου. Ένα μέσον για κοινωνικούς επιστήμονες και επαγγελματίες ερευνητές. (μτφ. Β.Π. Νταλάκου & Κ. Βασιλικού). Αθήνα: Gutenberg.
Rocco, S. (2010). Making reflection public: using interactive online discussion board to enhance student learning. Reflective Practice, 11(3), 307-317.
Rock, T. C., & Levin, B. B. (2002). Collaborative action research projects: Enhancing preservice teacher development in professional development schools. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29(1), 7-21.
Rodgers, C. (2002). Defining reflection: Another look at John Dewey and reflective thinking. Teachers college record, 104(4), 842-866.
Runhaar, P., Sanders, K., & Yang, H. (2010). Stimulating teachers' reflection and feedback asking: An interplay of self-efficacy, learning goal orientation, and transformational leadership. Teaching and teacher education, 26(5), 1154-1161.
Scanlan, J. M., & Chernomas, W. M. (1997). Developing the reflective teacher. Journal of advanced nursing, 25(6), 1138-1143.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner. San Francisco: Josey Bass.
Schön, D. A. (2010). Educating the reflective practitioner: toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2), 448-451.
Seikkula‐Leino, J., Ruskovaara, E., Ikavalko, M., Mattila, J., & Rytkola, T. (2010). Promoting entrepreneurship education: the role of the teacher?. Education+ training, 52(2), 117- 127.
Semetsky, I. (2008). On the Creative Logic of Education, or: Re‐reading Dewey through the lens of complexity science. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 40(1), 83-95.
Shoffner, M. (2009). The place of the personal: Exploring the affective domain through reflection in teacher preparation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(6), 783-789.
Shosh, J. M. (2011). How teachers define and enact reflective practice: It’s all in the action. Action Researcher in Education, 3(3), 104-119.
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22.
Spalding, E., & Wilson, A. (2002). Demystifying reflection: A study of pedagogical strategies that encourage reflective journal writing. Teachers college record, 104(7), 1393-1421.
Sparks-Langer, G. M., & Colto, A. B. (1991). Synthesis of Research on Teachers' Reflective Thinking. Educational leadership, 48(6), 37-44.
Stanley, C. (1998). A framework for teacher reflectivity. TESOL Quarterly, 32(3), 584-591.
Stacks, A. M., Wong, K., & Dykehouse, T. (2013). Teacher reflective functioning: A preliminary study of measurement and self-reported teaching behavior. Reflective Practice, 14(4), 487-505.
Tateo, L. (2012). What do you mean by" teacher"? psychological research on teacher professional identity. Psicologia & Sociedade, 24(2), 344-353.
Toom, A., Husu, J., & Patrikainen, S. (2015). Student teachers’ patterns of reflection in the context of teaching practice. European Journal of Teacher Education, 38(3), 320-340.
Zeichner, K., & Liston, D. (2013). Reflective teaching: An introduction (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zeichner, K., & Liston, D. (1987). Teaching student teachers to reflect. Harvard educational review, 57(1), 23-49.
Zeichner, K. (1996). Teachers as reflective practitioners and the democratization of school reform. In K. Zeichner, S. Melnick, & M. L. Gomez (Eds.), Currents of reform in preservice teacher education (pp. 199–214). New York: Teachers College Press.
Zeichner, K. M., & Tabachnick, B. R. (2001). Reflections on reflective teaching. In B.R. Tabachnick & K.M. Zeichner (Eds.), Issues and practices in inquiry oriented teacher education (pp. 72-87). London: Falmer.
Zembal‐Saul, C., Blumenfeld, P., & Krajcik, J. (2000). Influence of guided cycles of planning, teaching, and reflection on prospective elementary teachers' science content representations. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 37(4), 318-339.
Van Eekelen, I. M., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Vermunt, J. D. (2005). Self-regulation in higher education teacher learning. Higher education, 50(3), 447-471.
Van Manen, M. (1994). Pedagogy, virtue, and narrative identity in teaching. Curriculum inquiry, 24(2), 135-170.
Van Woerkom, M., Nijhof, W., Nieuwenhuis, L. (2006). Critically reflective working behaviour: A survey research. In Jan N. Streumer (Eds), Work-related learning (pp. 285-308). Dordrecht: Springer.
Valli, L. (1997). Listening to other voices: A description of teacher reflection in the United States. Peabody journal of Education, 72(1), 67-88.
Vloet, K. (2009). Career learning and teachers’ professional identity: narratives in dialogue. In M. Kuijpers & F. Meijers (Eds), Career learning. Research and practice in education. (pp. 69-84). Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands: Euroguidance.
Wegner, C., P. Weber & S. Ohlberger (2014) Korthagen’s ALACT model: Application and modification in the science project “Kolumbus- Kids”. Themes in Science & Technology Education, 7(1): 19-34.
Wlodarsky, R. (2005). The professoriate: Transforming teaching practices through critical reflection and dialogue. Teaching and Learning: The Journal of Natural Inquiry and Reflective Practice, 19(3), 156–72.
Ψαριανός, Ε. (2012, Οκτώβριος). Η διαπολιτισμική διάσταση της εκπαιδευτικής θεωρίας του PauloFreire.Εισήγηση στο 6ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Ελληνικό Ινστιτούτο Εφαρμοσμένης Παιδαγωγικής και Εκπαίδευσης (ΕΛΛ.Ι.Ε.Π.ΕΚ.), Αθήνα.
Most read articles by the same author(s)