Παρούσα κατάσταση και εξελίξεις στην κρυοσυντήρηση του σπέρματος του κριού
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
κρυο-συντήρηση σπέρμα κριού ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά σπέρματος
Περίληψη
Η κρυοσυντήρηση του σπέρματος του κριού αποσκοπεί στη γενετική βελτίωση μέσω της τεχνητής σπερματέγχυσης, στην άρση των γεωγραφικών περιορισμών, στην προστασία απειλούμενων με εξαφάνιση φυλών και στη διατήρηση της βιοποικιλότητας. Η διαδικασία κατάψυξης όμως, επιφέρει δομικές, βιοχημικές και λειτουργικές μεταβολές στα σπερματοζωάρια. Συγκεκριμένα, βλάπτονται οι κυτταρικές μεμβράνες και αυξάνεται η διαπερατότητά τους, μεταβάλλεται η δομή της χρωματίνης τους και προκαλείται υπεροξείδωση καθώς παράγονται δραστικές μορφές οξυγόνου. Οι αλλαγές αυτές, επηρεάζουν αρνητικά τη γονιμοποιητική ικανότητα των σπερματοζωαρίων του κριού και την πρώιμη εμβρυική ανάπτυξη. Στη βιβλιογραφία εντοπίζονται πολυάριθμες επιστημονικές προσπάθειες βελτίωσης της γονιμότητας του κρυοσυντηρημένου σπέρματος του κριού. Πρωταρχικό και κοινό σημείο διερεύνησης, υπήρξε η σύνθεση των αραιωτικών μέσων. Τα αραιωτικά του σπέρματος πρέπει να έχουν, μεταξύ άλλων, κατάλληλη ρυθμιστική ικανότητα και pΗ ώστε να προστατεύουν τα σπερματοζωάρια από την οσμωτική και τη θερμική καταπόνηση. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα, έγινε προσθήκη και μελέτη πληθώρας ουσιών με ποικίλες ιδιότητες και αποτελέσματα. Μεταξύ αυτών, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κρυοπροστατευτικά που διαπερνούν (γλυκερίνη, διμεθυλο-σουλφοξείδιο) ή όχι (κρόκος αυγού, αποβουτυρωμένο γάλα) την κυτταρική μεμβράνη, σάκχαρα (γλυκόζη, λακτόζη, τρεχαλόζη, ραφινόζη), άλατα (κιτρικό νάτριο, κιτρικό οξύ) και αντιοξειδωτικά (αμινοξέα, βιταμίνες, ένζυμα). Άλλοι παράγοντες που μελετώνται εκτενώς, αφορούν στη θερμοκρασία και στο χρόνο συντήρησης στα επιμέρους στάδια της κατάψυξης, στο ρυθμό πτώσης της θερμοκρασίας και στο πρωτόκολλο αναθέρμανσης. Τα αποτελέσματα των ερευνών είναι ενθαρρυντικά, όχι μόνο ως προς τις διαδικασίες κατάψυξης/αναθέρμανσης του σπέρματος, αλλά και ως προς τις ωφέλιμες ιδιότητες των προσθετικών. Παρά την πρόοδο που επιτεύχθηκε μέχρι σήμερα, εξακολουθούν να υφίστανται κενά, μέχρις ότου επιτευχθεί η διευρυμένη χρήση του κρυοσυντηρημένου σπέρματος του κριού στην αναπαραγωγική διαχείριση των ποιμνίων.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
- Πώς να δημιουργήσετε Αναφορές
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NTEMKA, A., TSAKMAKIDIS, I. A., KIOSSIS, E., MILOVANOVIĆ, A., & BOSCOS, C. M. (2018). Παρούσα κατάσταση και εξελίξεις στην κρυοσυντήρηση του σπέρματος του κριού. Περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Κτηνιατρικής Εταιρείας, 69(2), 911–924. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.18014
- Τεύχος
- Τόμ. 69 Αρ. 2 (2018)
- Ενότητα
- Review Articles
Αυτή η εργασία είναι αδειοδοτημένη υπό το CC Αναφορά Δημιουργού – Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0.
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Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
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