Εξελίξεις και συγκρούσεις αναφορικά με την ταξινόμηση των ψυχικών διαταραχών στο DSM-5: Μία ανασκόπηση του επιστημονικού διαλόγου και κριτικής


Δημοσιευμένα: oct. 15, 2020
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
DSM Διάγνωση Ταξινόμηση Ψυχικές διαταραχές
Ειρήνη Μούτσου
Ευγενία Γεωργάκα
Περίληψη

Η πέμπτη έκδοση του Διαγνωστικού και Στατιστικού Εγχειριδίου των Ψυχικών Διαταραχών (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition – DSM-5) κυκλοφόρησε το Μάιο του 2013, από την Αμερικανική Ψυχιατρική Εταιρεία, και πυροδότησε έναν ευρύ επιστημονικό διάλογο, καθώς ενέχει ποικίλες αλλαγές σε σχέση με τις προηγούμενες εκδόσεις του. Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία ανασκόπηση αυτού του διαλόγου, ενώ δίνεται έμφαση στα κύρια σημεία κριτικής και προβληματισμού αναφορικά με ορισμένες σημαντικές αλλαγές. Αρχικά, περιγράφονται η εξελικτική πορεία των διάφορων εκδόσεων τού DSM, οι βασικές αρχές και πρακτικές της παρούσας έκδοσης και τα κυριότερα σημεία αμφισβήτησής της. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζονται αναλυτικά ορισμένες αξιοσημείωτες αλλαγές σε συγκεκριμένες διαγνωστικές κατηγορίες, και οι συνέπειες που αυτές είναι πιθανό να επιφέρουν στη διάγνωση και την αντιμετώπιση των αντίστοιχων ψυχικών διαταραχών. Εν κατακλείδει, η κεντρική κριτική στην πέμπτη έκδοση του DSM είναι ότι κλιμακώνει την πορεία ιατρικοποίησης των ψυχικών διαταραχών, η οποία χαρακτηρίζει τις τελευταίες εκδόσεις του, παθολογικοποιεί μία σειρά από καθημερινές εμπειρίες και συμπεριφορές, και διευρύνει τον υπό διάγνωση πληθυσμό, ιδιαίτερα στα παιδιά και τους ηλικιωμένους, με κίνδυνο την επέκταση της χρήσης φαρμακευτικής αγωγής σε νέες πληθυσμιακές ομάδες.

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