The contribution of apprenticeship to the transition from education to employment - the position of the Labour Institute of the General Confederation of Greek Workers


Christos Goulas
Iakovos Karatrasoglou
Ira Papageorgiou
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-247X
Abstract

This paper examines the contribution of apprenticeship to the transition from education and training into employment, with a particular focus on the perspectives and policy proposals of the Labour Institute of the General Confederation of Greek Workers. In contemporary labour markets marked by technological change, demographic shifts, and evolving skill demands, young people face increasing difficulties securing stable and high-quality employment. Apprenticeship, as a structured form of work-based learning that combines classroom instruction with workplace experience, has emerged as a key mechanism for supporting smoother and more equitable school-to-work transitions.


The study provides a historical overview of apprenticeship as a foundational mode of vocational learning and traces its evolution into modern systems integrated within national vocational education and training (VET) frameworks. It discusses the growing emphasis placed by European and international organisations on the development of high-quality apprenticeship systems and highlights the essential features of such systems, including strong labour-market relevance, clear regulatory frameworks, social dialogue, and meaningful pedagogical support. Quality assurance is presented as a continuous cycle requiring coordination, monitoring, and feedback to ensure that apprenticeship programmes meet learners’ needs and labour-market expectations.


Focusing on Greece, the paper analyses the main apprenticeship schemes currently implemented in the country, outlining their structure, target groups, learning arrangements, and certification pathways. Despite significant progress and institutional improvements, challenges persist regarding programme quality, workplace conditions, supervision, and alignment with labour-market needs.


In response, the Labour Institute proposes a comprehensive set of policy measures aimed at strengthening the governance, quality, and attractiveness of apprenticeship. These include establishing a registry of eligible companies, training workplace supervisors, enhancing social partner involvement, improving curriculum relevance, ensuring adequate compensation, and implementing robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The paper concludes that high-quality apprenticeship is not only a tool for easing the transition to employment but also an essential component of a broader strategy for skills development, decent work, and inclusive economic growth.

Article Details
  • Rubrik
  • Articles
Downloads
Keine Nutzungsdaten vorhanden.
Literaturhinweise
Axmann, M., & Hoffmann, C. (2013). Apprenticeship systems: What do we know? International Labour Organization.
CEDEFOP. (2018). Apprenticeship review: Greece. Publications Office of the European Union.
Cedefop. (2019). Analytical framework for apprenticeships. Publications Office of the European Union.
Cedefop. (2023). Digital and green skills: Twin transitions in vocational education and training. Publications Office of the European Union.
Cedefop. (2024). Terminology of European education and training policy: A selection of 430 terms (3rd ed.). Publications Office of the European Union.
Cedefop, & OECD. (2021). The next steps for apprenticeship. Publications Office of the European Union.
Eurofound. (2021). Youth transitions to work in the EU: Labour market policy responses. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission. (2018). Council recommendation on a European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. Official Journal of the European Union.
European Commission. (2023). European year of skills 2023 – Skills for the future of Europe. European Commission.
European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2009). Recommendation … European quality assurance reference framework for vocational education and training (2009/C 155/01). Official Journal of the European Union, C(155), 1–10. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2009:155:0001:0010:EN:PDF
European Trade Union Confederation. (2016). A European quality framework for apprenticeships: A European trade union proposal. ETUC & Unionlearn.
EOPPEP [National Organisation for the Certification of Qualifications & Vocational Guidance]. (2017). Egcheiridio diasfalisis poiotitas tis pistopoiisis tis mathisis pou apoktaetai ston ergasiako choro (Mathiteia / Praktiki Askisi). EQAVET 2016–2017. EOPPEP.
Iftp, Arbeit und Leben DGB/VHS Hamburg, INE GSEE, & DGB. (2024). Greek–German trade union dialogue on vocational education and training (VET) in the framework of the Future4VET project: Future4VET as an opportunity for a Greek–German dialogue on the governance of VET at local level. Transition, 1, 40–47.
ILO [International Labour Organization]. (2017). Toolkit for quality apprenticeships. Volume I: Guide for policy makers. ILO.
ILO. (2024). Global employment trends for youth 2024: Investing in transforming futures for young people. International Labour Office.
INE GSEE [Labour Institute of the General Confederation of Greek Workers]. (2021). O thesiomos «Metalykeiako etos – Taxis mathiteias». INE GSEE.
INE & KANEP GSEE. (2024). Theseis – apopseis gia to ethnikó systima epaggelmatikis ekpaidefsis, katartisis kai dia vios mathisis.
INE GSEE. (2025, November 12). Generation Z: Anamesa stin ergasia, stin episfaleia kai stin ypoamivi. https://www.inegsee.gr/ekdosi/generation-z-anamesa-stin-ergasia-stin-episfalia-ke-stin-ypoamivi/
International Trade Union Confederation. (2015, February 25). Quality apprenticeships – What are trade unions doing? 2nd G20 Conference on “Promoting Quality Apprenticeships”. https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/l20_note_for_the_ewg_apprenticeship_2015_conference.pdf
Karoulas, G., Pandis, P., & Papageorgiou, I. (2025). Koinonikoi etairoi kai thesmoi diakyvernisis: O koinonikos dialogos gia tis dexiotites kai tin Epangelmatiki Ekpaidefsi kai Katartisi. In M. Spyridakis, Ch. Karakioulafi, M. Christodoulou, & M. Drakaki (Eds.), Hpies dexiotites kai metaschimatismoi tis ergasias: Theoritikes kai empeirikes proseggiseis (pp. 343–363). Pedio.
KYA 26385/2017. (2017). Plaisio poiotitas gia to “Metalykeiako etos – Taxis mathiteias” ton EPAL. FEK 491/B/20-02-2017.
Mella, A., & Werna, E. (2023). Skills and quality jobs in construction in the framework of the European Green Deal and the post COVID recovery (Report for Just Transition Centre of the ITUC & EFBWW). Just Transition Centre, ITUC. https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/230630_-_jtc_study_report_may_2023.pdf
Lintzeris, P. (2020). Theoritikes kai praktikes diastaseis tis vasismenis stin ergasia mathisis. IME GSEVEE.
OECD. (1998). Education at a glance: OECD indicators. OECD.
Smyth, E., Gangl, M., Raffe, D., Hannan, D., & McCoy, S. (2001). A comparative analysis of transitions from education to work in Europe (CATEWE): Final report. ESRI.
UNESCO–UNEVOC. (2020). Quality apprenticeships: Global perspectives for policy makers. UNESCO-UNEVOC.
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO.
Vanderhoven, E. (2023). Unpacking the global apprenticeship agenda: A comparative synthesis of literature from international organisations in the education policy field. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 21(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2023.2194825
Wallis, P. (2008). Apprenticeship and training in premodern England. The Journal of Economic History, 68(3), 832–861. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050708000785
Am häufigsten gelesenen Artikel dieser/dieses Autor/in