Canine primary encephalopathies: a retrospective study of 48 cases (2008-2012)


Z. S. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
E. ELEKIDOU (Ε. ΕΛΕΚΙΔΟΥ)
M. N. PATSIKAS (Μ.Ν. ΠΑΤΣΙΚΑΣ)
G. BRELLOU (Γ. ΜΠΡΕΛΛΟΥ)
N. SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ)
Resumen

A retrospective study was performed on 48 dogs with primary encephalopathies, admitted during a 5-year period (2008-2012). Their age ranged from 2 months to 19 years, the majority being older than 10 years. Genders were almost equally distributed and most animals were purebreds or crossbreds. Onset of neurological signs was acute (11/48), subacute (12/48) or chronic (24/48). Lesion localization was focal in 31 and multifocal in 17 dogs. The cerebrum and brainstem were the most common focal localizations, while cerebellar lesions were recorded only in 4 dogs. An aetiologic diagnosis was established in 29 dogs and included primary (8/29) or metastatic neoplasia (2/29), encephalitis of variable etiology (9/29), congenital or inherited diseases (6/29), senile cognitive dysfunction (3/29) and ischaemic encephalopathy (1/29). In the remaining 19 dogs, aetiology of intracranial dysfunction was not determined; however a tentative diagnosis was speculated in eight of these cases and included breed specific and viral encephalitis, neoplasia, ischaemic encephalopathy and inherited disease. Most dogs were euthanized due to the debilitating neurological signs (24/48) or died from complications of their illness (13/48). Six animals are still alive with symptomatic medical treatment and supportive nursing care and 5 were lost to follow up.

Article Details
  • Sección
  • Research Articles
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
Braund K G (2003) Degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In: (ed.: Vite CH) Braund’s Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca A3220.0303
Chrisman CL (1991) The neurologic history. In: (ed.: Chrisman CL) Problems in Small Animal Neurology, 2nd edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 25-40.
Davies DR, Irwin PJ (2003) Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease in young R ottweilers. J Small Anim Pract 44:388-394.
Dewey CW (2008) Encephalopathies: disorders of the brain. In: (ed.: Dewey CW) A Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, 2nd edn. Wiley and Blackwell, Ames, pp. 115-220.
Dewey CW, Bailey K S (2008) Signalment, history and the differential diagnosis: The first consideration. In: (ed.: Dewey CW) A Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, 2nd edn. Wiley and Blackwell, Ames, pp. 3-15.
Drum MG (2010) Physical rehabilitation of the canine neurologic patient. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 40:181-193.
Eger CE, Huxtable CR, Chester ZC, Summers BA (1998) Progressive tetraparesis and laryngeal paralysis in a young rottweiler with neuronal vacuolation and axonal degeneration: an Australian case. Aust Vet J 76:733-737.
Garosi LS (2010) Cerebrovascular disease in dogs and cats. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 40: 65-79.
Garosi LS, McConnell JF, Platt SR, Barone G, Baron JC, DeLahunta A, Schatzberg SJ (2006) Clinical characteristics and topographical magnetic resonance of suspected brain infarction. J Vet Intern Med 20:311-321.
Joseph R J, Greenlee PG, Garillo JM (1988) Canine cerebrovascular disease: clinical and pathological findings in 17 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:569-576.
Koutinas AF, Polizopoulou ZS, Baumgaertner W, Lekkas S, K ontos V (2002) R elation of clinical signs to pathological changes in 19 cases of canine distemper encephalomyelitis. J Comp Path 126:47-56.
Landsberg GM, DePorter T (2011) Clinical signs and management of anxiety, sleeplessness and cognitive dysfunction in the senior pet.
Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 41:565-590.
Long S (2006) Neoplasia of the nervous system. In: (ed.: Vite CH) Braund’s Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca A3227.1106.
Olby N, Blot S, Thibaud J, Phillips J, O’Brien DP, Burr J, Berg J, Brown T, Breen M (2004) Cerebellar cortical degeneration in adult American Staffordshire terriers. J Vet Intern Med 18:201-208.
Polizopoulou ZS, K outinas AF, Souftas VD, K aldrymidou E, K azakos G, Papadopoulos G (2004) Diagnostic correlation of CT-MRI and histopathology in 10 dogs with brain neoplasms. J Vet Med A 51:226-231.
Polizopoulou ZS, Soubasis N, Tsingotjidou A, Giannakopoulou A, Papadopoulos GC, Oevermann A, K outinas AF (2009) Neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in two R ottweiler siblings. J Vet Intern Med 19:410.
Schatzberg SJ (2010) Idiopathic granulomatous and necrotizing inflammatory disorders of the canine central nervous system. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 40:101-120.
Sisó S, Hanzlicek D, Fluehmann G, K athmann I, Tomek A, Papa V, Vandevelde M (2009) Neurodegenerative diseases in domestic animals: a comparative review. Vet J 171:20-38.
Thomas WB (2010a) Evaluation of veterinary patients with brain disease. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 40:1-19.
Thomas WB (2010b) Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract m 40:143-159.
Vite CH (2005) Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. In: (ed.: Vite CH) Braund’s Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca A3228.0205
Vite CH (2006) Developmental disorders. In: (ed.: Vite CH) Braund’s Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca A3217.0706
Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a