Η ανάδυση των πρωτολέξεων: εμπειρικά δεδομένα για τη σταδιακή σύγκλιση παραμέτρων της λέξης


Δημοσιευμένα: Sep 15, 2008
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Γλωσσική ανάπτυξη ανάπτυξη λέξεων πρωτολέξεις
Αλεξάνδρα Καρούσου
Δήμητρα Κατή
Χρυσούλα Σταμπουλιάδου
Περίληψη

Η μελέτη του πώς αναδύονται τα πρώτα ψήγματα λέξεων στo τέλος της βρεφικής ηλικίας  προσκρούει σε μεθοδολογικά και θεωρητικά προβλήματα. Επειδή τα ψήγματα αυτά είναι σποραδικά, ασταθή, εν μέρει με ακαθόριστο νόημα και ιδιοσυγκρασιακή μορφή, δύσκολα καταγράφονται και ακόμη περισσότερο περιγράφονται με θεωρητικά εργαλεία κατάλληλα για τις λέξεις των ενηλίκων. Εάν μάλιστα, όπως διατείνονται ορισμένες θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, οι αναπτυξιακές αλλαγές είναι μακρόχρονες, βαθμιαίες και πολυδιάστατες, εγείρεται το ερώτημα ποιες ακριβώς ιδιότητες καθιστούν ένα εκφώνημα λεκτικό, πώς διαπλέκονται και γενικότερα πώς κατακτώνται όλο και μεγαλύτερες διαβαθμίσεις «λεκτικότητας» (wordiness).  Η παρούσα έρευνα συμβάλλει στη συζήτηση μέσα από μικρογενετική ανάλυση των εκφωνημάτων δύο παιδιών που βιντεοσκοπήθηκαν ανά εβδομάδα μεταξύ 8 και 24 μηνών. Συνολικά 14.357 εκφωνήματα κωδικοποιήθηκαν ως προς τρεις παραμέτρους της λέξης: το φωνοπροσωδιακό σχήμα, τη συνάφεια με την περίσταση χρήσης τους και τη συμβατικότητα. Η ανάπτυξη αναδείχτηκε κατά βάση ίδια και στα δύο παιδιά, παρά κάποιες ενδιαφέρουσες ατομικές αποκλίσεις. Εκφωνήματα με και χωρίς τις παραπάνω ιδιότητες της λέξης συνυπάρχουν πάντα, αν και τα πρώτα αυξάνονται εντυπωσιακά με το χρόνο. Το φωνοπροσωδιακό σχήμα της λέξης έχει ήδη εμφανιστεί στους 8 μήνες, ακολουθεί η συνάφεια χρήσης των εκφωνημάτων στους 9 μήνες,  σχεδόν αμέσως η σύγκλιση των δύο αυτών παραμέτρων και πολύ σύντομα η συμβατικότητα, αν και η τελευταία καθυστερεί αρκετά. Τα δεδομένα φαίνεται να υποστηρίζουν θεωρίες που μιλούν για βαθμιαία και πολυδιάστατη μετάβαση από τα προλεκτικά στα λεκτικά εκφωνήματα.  

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΚΕΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΕΣ
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
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