Έμφυλες διαφοροποιήσεις στην ψυχική υγεία: θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, ευρήματα και προοπτικές


Δημοσιευμένα: Dec 30, 2022
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
φύλο ψυχική υγεία ανισότητες ανασκόπηση
Αναστασία Ζήση
Περίληψη

Το παρόν άρθρο στοχεύει σε μια κριτική και σύντομη επισκόπηση των βασικών θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων για την εξήγηση των έμφυλων διαφοροποιήσεων στην ψυχική υγεία ακολουθώντας τρεις κατευθύνσεις. Η πρώτη κατεύθυνση αντιστοιχεί στην ψυχολογική προσέγγιση που δίνει έμφαση στις έμφυλες ταυτισιακές διαδικασίες και την ψυχική οργάνωση κατά την πρώιμη παιδική ηλικία, το γνωστικό ύφος και τα ατομικά σχέδια δράσης ανά φύλο. H δεύτερη κατεύθυνση αντιστοιχεί στην κοινωνικο-υλιστική προσέγγιση που ενδιαφέρεται για τις έμφυλες δομικές ανισότητες και τον αντίκτυπο τους στην ψυχική υγεία κυρίως των γυναικών, και η τρίτη, ακολουθεί τις μεταδομιστικές θεωρίες για τη λογοθετική, έμφυλη συγκρότηση της ψυχικής εμπειρίας. Παρουσιάζονται οι θεωρητικές παραδοχές και αντιπροσωπευτικά ευρήματα της κάθε προσέγγισης χωριστά, όπως και οι περιορισμοί ως προς την εξηγητική τους ισχύ.  Οι ψυχολογικές σπουδές φύλου στην Ελλάδα έχουν χαμηλή ακαδημαϊκή παρουσία παρά τις επίσημες εκθέσεις αλλά και τα κείμενα των φεμινιστικών κινημάτων της βάσης που δείχνουν την επιδείνωση της θέσης των γυναικών στις περισσότερες κοινωνίες, όπου η γενικευμένη ανδρική κυριαρχία διαιωνίζεται. Αυτή η επιδείνωση έχει συνδεθεί με τα προγράμματα λιτότητας και την μαζική υποχώρηση του κράτους πρόνοιας που μετατρέπει τις γυναίκες σε έναν «εφεδρικό στρατό άμισθης κοινωνικής φροντίδας», και με την αναζωπύρωση του δεξιόστροφου αυταρχισμού σε πολλές κυβερνήσεις κρατών που προωθούν αναχρονιστικές νομοθεσίες αλλά και μια νέου τύπου σεξιστική κουλτούρα. 

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