Η ανάπτυξη της αναπαραστασιακής ικανότητας στο χώρο των φυσικών επιστημών σε σχέση με την ικανότητα στοχασμού στον κοινωνικό κόσμο


Δημοσιευμένα: Jul 21, 2022
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Εννοιολογική αλλαγή Θεωρία του Νου φυσικές επιστήμες
Νατάσσα Κυριακοπούλου
Στέλλα Βοσνιάδου
Περίληψη

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνήθηκε η ικανότητα των παιδιών να χειρίζονται αναπαραστάσεις σχετιζόμενες με τη διαισθητική εμπειρία τους για τον κόσμο παράλληλα με την επιστημονική αντι-διαισθητική γνώση που αποκτούν κατά τα σχολικά χρόνια. Τα αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων μελετών μας έδειξαν ότι η κατανόηση επιστημονικών αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων δεν οδηγεί απαραίτητα και στην κατανόηση των διαφορετικών τρόπων με τους οποίους μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί μια ίδια κατάσταση στον κόσμο. Η ικανότητα να σκέφτεται κανείς συγχρόνως για δύο διαφορετικές αναπαραστάσεις παρουσιάζει μια αναπτυξιακή πορεία, όπου τα παιδιά σταδιακά κατανοούν και το «βλέπω» και το «βλέπω σαν». Η κατανόηση αυτή φαίνεται να συνδέεται με αλλαγές όχι μόνο στις οντολογικές δεσμεύσεις αλλά και στις επιστημολογικές δεσμεύσεις καθώς και στις αναπαραστάσεις των παιδιών. Η υπόθεση ότι οι απαρχές αυτής της κατανόησης βρίσκονται στην ικανότητα των παιδιών να σκέφτονται για τις διαφορές ανάμεσα στις πεποιθήσεις τους και τις πεποιθήσεις των άλλων στο πεδίο του κοινωνικού κόσμου (Θεωρία του Νου) μελετήθηκε στην παρούσα μελέτη. Εξήντα τρεις μαθητές (μ.ο. ηλικίας 10 έτη και 8 μήνες) εξετάστηκαν με  έργα  Θεωρίας του Νου (ΘτΝ) και  έργα κατανόησης για τον φυσικό κόσμο. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν να επιβεβαιώνουν την ύπαρξη κοινών γνωστικών-επιστημολογικών στοιχείων ανάμεσα στα δυο πεδία σκέψης. Η ΘτΝ φάνηκε να αποτελεί σημαντικό προβλεπτικό παράγοντα για την ικανότητα των παιδιών να αναστοχάζονται πάνω σε διαφορετικές οπτικές του φυσικού κόσμου. Τα αποτελέσματα συζητούνται με βάση και την επίδραση που μπορεί να έχουν στο σχεδιασμό διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων που προωθούν την εννοιολογική αλλαγή.

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Αναφορές
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